This Day in History: February 14St. Valentine beheaded


This Day in HistoryFebruary 14St. Valentine beheaded

This Day In History: February 14


On February 14, around the year A.D. 270, Valentine, a holy priest in Rome in the days of Emperor Claudius II, is said to have been executed.


Under the rule of Claudius the Cruel, Rome was involved in many unpopular and bloody campaigns. The emperor had to maintain a strong army, but was having a difficult time getting soldiers to join his military leagues. Claudius believed that Roman men were unwilling to join the army because of their strong attachment to their wives and families.


To get rid of the problem, Claudius banned all marriages and engagements in Rome. Valentine, realizing the injustice of the decree, defied Claudius and continued to perform marriages for young lovers in secret.




When Valentine’s actions were discovered, Claudius ordered that he be put to death. Valentine was arrested and dragged before the Prefect of Rome, who condemned him to be beaten to death with clubs and to have his head cut off. The sentence was carried out on February 14, on or about the year 270.


Legend also has it that while in jail, St. Valentine left a farewell note for the jailer’s daughter, who had become his friend, and signed it “From Your Valentine.”


For his great service, Valentine was named a saint after his death.





In truth, the exact origins and identity of St. Valentine are unclear. According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, “At least three different Saint Valentines, all of them martyrs, are mentioned in the early martyrologies under the date of 14 February.” One was a priest in Rome, the second one was a bishop of Interamna (now Terni, Italy) and the third St. Valentine was a martyr in the Roman province of Africa.


Legends vary on how the martyr’s name became connected with romance. The date of his death may have become mingled with the Feast of Lupercalia, a pagan festival of love. On these occasions, the names of young women were placed in a box, from which they were drawn by the men as chance directed. In 496 A.D., Pope Gelasius decided to put an end to the Feast of Lupercalia, and he declared that February 14 be celebrated as St. Valentine’s Day.


Gradually, February 14 became a date for exchanging love messages, poems and simple gifts such as flowers.



Credit: History.com Editors

MY NEAR DEATH EXPERIENCE ON AN AEROPLANE. - Pastor Benny Hinn


MY NEAR DEATH EXPERIENCE ON AN AEROPLANE.

- Pastor Benny Hinn


Often, when one of God’s angels comes to your rescue, you won’t realize it at the time. The truth of the situation will dawn on you later.

You may be driving on the highway and suddenly your car swerves to avoid a terrible accident. It all happens so quickly you don’t know what is going on. But a few minutes later you exclaim, “Ahh...Godj ust saved my life!”

Think back on the times the Lord has sent guardian angels for your protection.


I can still recall the moment I heard the pilot say, “We’re in trouble!”

Those scary words woke me from my sleep. We were in a small single engine Cessna at 11,000 feet, returning to Orlando from Naples, Florida, in May 1983 about 1 a.m. The sky was pitch black and there were six of us on board.


“I think we are out of fuel,” the concerned pilot told us as the engine sputtered and stopped. I could feel my heart pounding against my rib-cage and thought, “God in heaven, I could be with You any minute.” Then I began to ask myself, “Am I ready? Am I ready?”


When facing death, that question becomes most powerful. I knew that my answer could leave no room for doubt. Was I ready fort eternity?

If you find yourself in the same situation what will you be asking?

Are you ready?

As the plane was falling and the pilot was anxiously searching for an emergency landing site, suddenly my mind flashed back to an

event that happened eight months earlier.


In September 1982, my father, Costandi, passed away. At the funeral home, the director approached me and said, “Reverend Hinn, your father needs a necktie. Could you get one for him?”

Immediately, I took off the tie I was wearing and handed it to themortician. Later, after the funeral service, I was standing before the

coffin at the cemetery. As they were lowering the casket of my dear father into the ground, an incident happened that I had almost dismissed from memory. But now as the plane was plummeting, I remembered it all too clearly.


As the pallbearers lowered the coffin, I experienced something quite unusual. Even though I had given my necktie to my father, I suddenly felt a tightening around my throat, as if my own necktie was choking me. I then heard a voice say, You will be dead in one year. I  immediately replied out loud, “No, I won’t.”

 When Satan speaks, you had better talk back, even if people are around. I  looked upward toward the sky and said, “God in heaven, the devil can’t do that!” And instantly I heard the unmistakable voice of the Holy Spirit. The words He spoke were all I needed. The Spirit softly whispered, “I won’t let you die.”

Now, on the plane, I remembered those words: “You will be dead I  one year!” But I also recalled the reassuring voice of the Holy Spirit.It took just a second for the entire scene to flash through my mind. Then the peace of God washed over me like a warm blanket and I knew I would not die. I blurted out to the other nervous passengers, “Don’t worry. We’re going to be all right. The Lord just told me!” For I’d heard His voice again on that plane.

Usually, I am excitable, but at that particular moment I became calm. Without the roar of the engine, the silence was deafening in the plane. The pilot spotted an airstrip near Avon Park, Florida, and did his best to maneuver the troubled craft to the runway. But with mo power it became impossible—and he missed his target.


The plane crashed!

We smashed into a tree and the small aircraft rolled over four times. It was totally demolished—the wheels were ripped off and remained in the tree. The fuselage was so damaged that an onlooker would doubt there could be any survivors. The engine was torn from its housing and we hung upside down.

The door of the plane had disappeared as I crawled out to realize that there was not a scratch on my body. Thank God, I was unharmed.

In the darkness, I began to run in circles for help, not knowing where I was or what direction to go. All I knew was that we were in the middle of a farm. Then I thought, “What in the world am I doing?” I had better go back and help the other passengers.”

I ran back to the plane to discover that I was the only one who had escaped injury. The heads of the pilots were jutting through the broken windshield. They were making horrible sounds as I tried to pull them out of the wreckage, but the twisted metal was wrapped around them, making it impossible. Another passenger, a businessman, had injuries to his head, and it was apparent that his eye had popped out of the socket. I reached over and pushed his eye back into place in the name of the Lord.


Miraculously, not one person was killed in the crash. As the ambulance was approaching the site—which seemed to take

forever—I began to cry, “Oh Lord, the devil wanted to kill me, but Your angel was by my side. You alone have preserved me Because You have a purpose for my life. Otherwise, I would be dead right now. Thank You, Lord.”

Later I learned that at the exact moment our plane was experiencing engine trouble, a woman was awakened from her sleep in California. She told the story of how God woke her, saying, “Benny Hinn is in danger! Pray!” She added, “The devil wanted to snuff out your life!”

How well I knew it! I will never forget the tension-filled moment when I asked, “Am I ready?” In my heart of hearts I knew that I was, and I also understood that God was not finished with my assignment on earth.

Earlier, the Holy Spirit had given me the assurance, and now an angel of protection was guarding my life.


Credit : Jesus SAVES TV

Am I ready? 

Are you ready?

Are we ready?


HOW THE APOSTLES DIED





 HOW THE APOSTLES DIED.


1. Matthew

Suffered martyrdom in Ethiopia, Killed by a sword wound.


2. Mark

Died in Alexandria, Egypt , after being dragged by Horses through the streets until he was dead.


3. Luke

Was hanged in Greece as a result of his tremendous Preaching to the lost.


4. John

Faced martyrdom when he was boiled in huge Basin of boiling oil during a wave of persecution In Rome. However, he was miraculously delivered From death.

John was then sentenced to the mines on the prison Island of Patmos. He wrote his prophetic Book of Revelation on Patmos . The apostle John was later freed and returned to serve As Bishop of Edessa in modern Turkey . He died as an old man, the only apostle to die peacefully


5. Peter

He was crucified upside down on an x-shaped cross.

According to church tradition it was because he told his tormentors that he felt unworthy to die In the same way that Jesus Christ had died.


6. James

The leader of the church in Jerusalem , was thrown over a hundred feet down from the southeast pinnacle of the Temple when he refused to deny his faith in Christ. When they discovered that he survived the fall, his

enemies beat James to death with a fuller's club.

* This was the same pinnacle where Satan had taken Jesus during the Temptation.


7. James the Son of Zebedee, 

was a fisherman by trade when Jesus Called him to a lifetime of ministry. As a strong leader of the church, James was   beheaded at Jerusalem. The Roman officer who guarded James watched amazed as James defended his faith at his trial. Later, the officer Walked beside James to the place of execution. Overcome by conviction, he declared his new faith to the judge and Knelt beside James to accept beheading as a Christian.


8. Bartholomew

Also known as Nathaniel Was a missionary to Asia. He witnessed for our Lord in present day Turkey. Bartholomew was martyred for his preaching in Armenia where he was flayed to death by a whip.


9. Andrew

Was crucified on an x-shaped cross in Patras, Greece. After being whipped severely by seven soldiers they tied his body to the cross with cords to prolong his agony. His followers reported that, when he was led toward the cross, Andrew saluted it in these words: 'I have long desired and expected this happy hour. The cross has been consecrated by the body of Christ hanging on it.' He continued to preach to his tormentors For two days until he expired.


10. Thomas

Was stabbed with a spear in India during one of his missionary trips to establish the church in the Sub-continent.


11. Jude

Was killed with arrows when he refused to deny his faith in Christ.


12. Matthias

The apostle chosen to replace the traitor Judas Iscariot, was stoned and then beheaded.


13. Paul

Was tortured and then beheaded by the evil Emperor Nero at Rome in A.D. 67. Paul endured a lengthy imprisonment, which allowed him to write his many

epistles to the churches he had formed throughout the Roman Empire. These letters, which taught many of the foundational Doctrines of Christianity, form a large portion of the New Testament. 


Perhaps this is a reminder to us that our sufferings here are indeed minor compared to the intense persecution and cold cruelty faced by the apostles and disciples during their times For the sake of the Faith. And ye shall be hated of all men for my name's sake: But he that endureth to the end shall be saved.

Pass on to encourage other Christians

Why Do we feel sleepy in Prayer, 

But stay awake through a 3 hour movie?

Why are we so bored when we look at the HOLY BOOK,

But find it easy to read other books?

Why is it so easy to ignore a msg about God,

Yet we forward the nasty ones?

Why are Prayers getting smaller,

But bars and clubs are expanding

Why is it so easy to worship a celebrity,

But very difficult to engage with God?

Think about it, are you going to forward this?

Are you going to ignore it, cause you think you will get laughed at?

Forward this to all your friends.

80% of you won't forward this.

God  said: If you deny me in front of your friends, I will deny you on the day of judgment: 


When one door closes, God opens two: If God has opened  doors for you, send this message to everyone on your contact list.


Make this message your contribution to the gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ, be blessed.

Credit: Elijah Ayodeji Dimeji

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Amicus curiae: Friend of the Court




Amicus curiae: Friend of the Court. 

An amicus curiae (literally, " friend of the court"; plural, amici curiae) is someone who is not a party to a case and may or may not have been solicited by a party and who assists a court by offering information, expertise, or insight that has a bearing on the issues in the case; and is typically presented in the form of a brief. The decision on whether to consider an amicus brief lies within the discretion of the court. The phrase amicus curiae is legal Latin.

History

The amicus curiae figure originates in Roman law. Starting in the 9th century, it was incorporated into English law, and it was later extended to most common law systems. Later, it was introduced in international law, in particular concerning human rights. From there, it was integrated in some civil law systems (it has recently been integrated into Argentina's law system and Honduras's 2010 civil procedures code). Today, it is used by the European Court of Human Rights, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, the Court of Justice of the European Union and the Special Tribunal for Lebanon.

Presentation

The role of an amicus is often confused with that of an intervener. The role of an amicus is, as stated by Salmon LJ (as Lord Salmon then was) in Allen v Sir Alfred McAlpine & Sons Ltd [1968] 2 QB 229 at p. 266 F-G:

I had always understood that the role of an amicus curiae was to help the court by expounding the law impartially, or if one of the parties were unrepresented, by advancing the legal arguments on his behalf.

The situation most often noted in the press is when an advocacy group files a brief in a case before an appellate court in which it is not a litigant. Appellate cases are normally limited to the factual record and arguments coming from the lower court case under appeal; attorneys focus on the facts and arguments most favorable to their clients. Where a case may have broader implications, amicus curiae briefs are a way to articulate those concerns, so that the possibly broad legal or public policy ramifications of the court's anticipated decisions will not depend solely on the positions and arguments advanced by the parties directly involved in the case.

In prominent cases, amici curiae are generally organizations with sizable legal budgets. In the United States, for example, non-profit legal advocacy organizations, such as the American Civil Liberties Union, the Landmark Legal Foundation, the Pacific Legal Foundation, the Electronic Frontier Foundation, the American Center for Law and Justice or NORML, frequently submit such briefs to advocate for or against a particular legal change or interpretation. If a decision could affect an entire industry, companies other than the litigants may wish to have their concerns heard. In the United States, federal courts often hear cases involving the constitutionality of state laws. Hence states may file briefs as amici curiae when their laws or interests are likely to be affected, as in the Supreme Court case McDonald v. Chicago, when thirty-two states under the aegis of Texas (and California independently) filed such briefs.

Amici curiae who do not file briefs often present an academic perspective on the case. For example, if the law gives deference to a history of legislation of a certain topic, a historian may choose to evaluate the claim from specialized expertise. An economist, statistician, or sociologist may choose to do the same. Newspaper editorials, blogs, and other opinion pieces arguably have the capability to influence Supreme Court decisions as de facto amici curiae. They are not, however, technically considered amicus curiae, as they do not submit materials to the Court, do not need to ask for leave, and have no guarantee that they will be read. 

Credit:https://soft24hours.page.link/legalterminology

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